What is the term for a series of small transistors on a flat chip?

The term for a series of small transistors on a flat chip is an integrated circuit. An integrated circuit (IC) consists of numerous miniature electronic components, including transistors, resistors, and capacitors, all etched or imprinted onto a semiconductor material such as silicon. This compact arrangement allows for the functionality of complex electronic circuits within a small form factor, which has revolutionized electronic devices by enabling improved performance and efficiency while reducing space and manufacturing costs.

In contrast, a microprocessor is a specific type of integrated circuit that performs the functions of a CPU in a computer or similar device. A circuit board refers to a physical board that holds and connects various electronic components, including integrated circuits, but is not itself a series of transistors. A transistor array is a collection of multiple transistors, although it does not encompass the full range of components typically found within an integrated circuit.